" ", . . 2(14) 1900 . (80 2), , . . . . . . 1910 . 1911 . . 1911 . " " , - , . . . (1912), . . (1913), . . (1913-1916). . . (1912-1917). 1915 . .

60.
, . . , , "", . 60. . , , - , , , . , , , 1916 . (, , . .) 10 25 . 1917 . 328 , 30 - .
, . , 1897 . - " " 100 . . .
1908 . " . . ". 1911 ., "" " " ().
( , " ", " - " .). , " " 1904 . . . . "", " ". , - .
, , 10- XX . . , (, , ) 1913 . 71%, - 29% [75]. , - , , .
1914-1918 . . . , " " 1914 . 2,6 , - 3,6 [76]. , , , " " " - ". . ( ).
* * *
. , .
, , , , , .
XIX - XX .
. . , - .
- - - , , .